Treatments

Evaluation consists of a thorough history and physical examination with review of any previous records, breathing studies and imaging studies that may be available. A detailed occupational and medical history may be obtained to determine whether the patient may have been exposed to a substance known to cause pulmonary disease. A family history may also be helpful, as certain types of lung disease may have a genetic basis. Chest x-rays, CT scans of the chest and PET scans may be indicated in addition to detailed breathing studies. Bronchoscopy, a fiber-optic examination of the airway under local anesthesia and sedation, is occasionally necessary. Needle biopsies of the lung are sometimes requested, and thoracic surgery consultation is indicated in select cases.

Those with pulmonary infections are treated with appropriate antibiotics. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma are managed using the latest accepted guidelines, often utilizing a combination of maintenance medications designed to improve lung function and prevent acute exacerbations together with rescue medication to relieve symptoms. Every opportunity is taken to educate patients in the proper use of their inhalers and to help them understand their illness, so that they will recognize when there has been a significant change in their medical condition. We make extensive use of existing community pulmonary rehabilitation programs for our patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.